G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors reached a consensus to avoid

February 2016, 26, and 27th, the Group of 20 (G20) Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting to be held in Shanghai. It was after China 2016 G20 presidency hosted the first G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting. Premier Li keqiang, who issued a video message to the Conference, Finance Minister Lou Jiwei, and Governor of the people's Bank of China Governor Zhou xiaochuan co-chaired the meeting. Meeting mainly discussed the current global economic situation, the framework for growth, investment and infrastructure, international financial architecture, financial sector reform, international tax cooperation, combating terrorist financing, green finance and climate issues such as funding, and issued a joint communique.

Considered, the global economy continues to recover, but not balanced and downside risks and increased vulnerability. In recognition of these challenges at the same time, meeting that recent market volatility and modest recovery in fundamentals of the global economy does not conform to. Conference emphasizes both individually and collectively to take all of the policy tools, including monetary, fiscal and structural reform, to deal with the risks, and enhance market confidence and promote economic growth. Meeting flexible fiscal policy, and ensure that the debt ratio to remain at a sustainable level. Monetary policy will continue to focus on promoting economic growth and maintaining price stability. Meeting reaffirmed the will to avoid competitive devaluations, oppose all forms of protectionism, and to communicate agreed to close discussions on foreign exchange markets. G20 meeting agreed to continue to study possible policy measures where necessary to support the growth and stability. Meeting agreed to further strengthen the structural reform agenda, including reform in key areas and guiding principles and the establishment of a system of indicators to better assess and monitor progress in the structural reform of the members. Meeting agreed to study the policies and measures to cope with weak global trade and investment.

Conference reaffirms its continued investment in infrastructure, encourage the multilateral development banks to support high quality, quantifiable targets for the project, strengthening old and new multilateral development Bank, Alliance and launch global infrastructure interoperability. Conference welcome in 2010, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) quota and governance reforms take effect, completed by 2017 annual meeting support IMF shares the Inspector General for the 15th time and support of the World Bank in accordance with the road map and timetable for implementation of the agreed consideration shares to realize equal voting rights. Conference are committed to better monitoring of capital flows, identify risks in a timely manner, responding to large-scale capital flow volatility challenges, and stresses the importance of adequate and effective global financial safety nets. Support research may extend special drawing rights (SDR) for further work. Conference reiterated that it will continue to timely, comprehensive and consistently implemented have reached a consensus on financial reform, as planned and the rest of standard-setting, continues to closely monitor and respond to potential risks and vulnerabilities in the financial system, and summarize the lessons of macroprudential frameworks and tools, to continue to strengthen regulation of the financial market infrastructure, and continue to build inclusive financial agenda. Conference approved the transfer on the global implementation of the erosion of the tax base and profits (BEPS) project of inclusive framework. China will set up an International Centre for research on tax policy, to carry out research on international tax policy and design, and technical assistance to developing countries. The Conference commitment to combat terrorist financing and to strengthen cooperation and exchange of information. Meeting agreed to study the recognition of green finance mechanisms and market barriers and based on country experience on how to strengthen the financial system's ability to mobilize private capital for green investment scheme, called for the timely implementation of the Paris agreement on climate change, and reaffirmed their commitment to implement the 2030 sustainable development agenda.

Lou Jiwei said this meeting around the G20 Summit, Hangzhou "building innovative, dynamic, interactive and inclusive world economy" theme, in the financial area the necessary preparations for the G20 Summit in Hangzhou. China is ready to work together with the G20, walk hand in hand to promote the G20 financial channel locks the results as soon as possible, to lay a solid foundation for the success of the Summit in Hangzhou, for strong, sustainable and balanced growth of the world economy to make the contribution.

Mr Lou said, deepening structural reforms are long-term challenges the fundamental means to respond effectively to the global economy, the core is the correction of distortions, improve the allocation of resources. The Chinese Government is vigorously advancing structural reforms. First, decentralization and deregulation. At present, the Central Government has streamlined hundreds of administrative approval items, all cities are equipped with Hall of administration and services, speed up the approval process, greatly encourage entrepreneurship and innovation. Second, price reforms, such as industrial and commercial complex natural gas axle price combination. Third, encourage innovation, including through tax policies or establish the capital investment fund to support business innovation. Four is the optimization of fiscal expenditure structure, cutting inefficient spending, including reducing environmentally related expenditure, solve the problem of fragmentation of expenditure. While increasing the "capacity to inventory" of support. Five new towns is to promote people-centred. Includes portability of compulsory education resources, urban and rural residents of basic pension, health insurance, support for rural migrant workers in cities and settlements. These policies have achieved better results in the short term, and contribute to economic growth. Of course, we are also actively promoting the more difficult task of reform. At present, reform the overall effect is good, the economic structure has been optimized. In 2015, the consumption share of GDP reached 66% in the Chinese economy, services more than 55% investment accounts for significantly reduced, but the social investment, particularly rapid growth of investment in technical equipment. These reform measures to improve resource allocation, employment relatively full, residents ' income increased, support the growth of 6.9% for the year. This year, we will maintain the high-speed growth, which also requires a suitable aggregate demand management and promoting reform to achieve.

Lou Jiwei, the Minister pointed out that infrastructure investments are an important engine of economic recovery, and will increase potential growth, promote long-term economic growth, G20 countries should make further efforts to increase infrastructure investment. Lou Jiwei, the Minister stressed the importance of dealing with BEPS, called on the G20 to establish a fair and inclusive framework for efficient, effective implementation of BEPS related results. Zhou xiaochuan, introduced China's economy has entered a "new normal" from high growth to rapid economic growth, economic fundamentals remained sound, structure and constantly improve the quality of growth, new engine of growth are emerging, future growth is still considerable, and will continue to be outstanding contribution to global growth. In the current global context of an anemic economic recovery, risk, the G20 is an urgent need to improve and strengthen policy coordination, including promoting global economic growth and recovery, where necessary, on relevant economic and financial affairs to discuss communication, and use of individual policy tools to safeguard financial market stability. The G20 should continue to strengthen the structural reform agenda and to maintain a dynamic, medium to strong, sustainable and balanced growth of the global economy and lay a solid foundation.

Zhou xiaochuan, said the stability of the international monetary system is indispensable for economic growth and financial stability. China, as Chairman of the G20 push to restart the Working Group on international financial architecture. The G20 can by focusing on IMF governance reform, the international system of sovereign debt restructuring and debt sustainability, cross-border capital flows, global financial safety nets, IMF special drawing rights and other issues, to shape a more stable and orderly international financial and monetary environment.

Zhou xiaochuan, suggested the G20 should continue to promote the reform of the global financial sector. How G20 could focus on comprehensive, consistent and timely implementation of reforms since the crisis, including the financial stability Board (FSB) all report to the G20 and the reforms approved, planned new regulatory frameworks and the rest of the standard-setting work. G20 also discussed macro-prudential frameworks and tools in the implementation of lessons learned, attention to market-oriented financing of potential risks and means of prevention and control in the field, and to contribute to the strengthening of supervision of the financial market infrastructure. For financial development to benefit all populations, the G20 can also strengthen inclusive financial topics for discussion, focusing on inclusive financial numbers and indicators and data.

Zhou xiaochuan, pointed out that, in order to promote more sustainable and environmentally-friendly growth, China is promoting the establishment of the G20 after he was Chairman of green financial research group, to encourage parties based on national characteristics, more research on the mobilization of additional resources for Green through green financial investment.

By 2016 the G20 financial channels work plans, this year the second Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors will be held between April 14 and 15th in the United States in Washington. Theme stock outbreak gem rose more than 4 the

Pregnant woman robbed by taxi in Shanghai killed suspect there is still no criminal

A robbery homicide that is not complicated, and let the dead feel both difficult to understand.

On January 31, the Spring Festival less than 10 days away, at 9 o'clock in the evening, a pregnant mother of three months in Shanghai, is a regular taxi drivers taking all bank cards, and forcibly tied hands thrown into a snowy night of the river drowned.

Dead husband night continuous received multiple bank card was take now of tips SMS, he immediately phone alarm, then in dead before took Shang taxi of police station, and home residence police station, and bank card was take now of ATM machine location police station, Zhijian back and forth running, but trapped dead is adults and missing not over 24 hours, and for mood near crash communication difficult, reasons, until incident next day noon, end was filed investigation, suspects a days Hou in Henan home netted.

Another incomprehensible man is, suspects is through formal procedures introduced into Shanghai taxi driver born in Henan province, domicile shall be provided before the entry as required within 5 years of no criminal record certificate is police station, and this entry two years ago, when gambling-related drivers had been under administrative detention, had successfully issued the formal proof.

Pregnant woman standing lost

Xinzhuang, Minhang district, Shanghai City, is seat of the various organizations at the district level, dreaming of the Dragon is one of the important commercial centre. On January 31 7:40, float with rare snow in Shanghai, after dinner with friends, static (not his real name) here on Da Hua Fang Baojun Orange taxi taxi drivers in Minhang.

Orange means it's a regional taxi operations beyond outer ring road in Shanghai, some prices are lower than those in urban taxi.

Static final to the husband for the app

Sitting on the bus, static on the phone to tell her husband Chen Liang (a pseudonym): "Shanghai now snow. "Liang is ahead of Changzhou and friends eat" meal ", and learned that his wife was in a taxi, he would phone in the Hotel charging from the socket, there is no mobile phone.

From Xinzhuang, Minhang district, jiuting, Songjiang district, home, the static on this road all too familiar, this is the suburbs of Shanghai, some rare road traffic.

According to Fang Baojun memories after the arrest, static route raised an objection at that time, the two men had a quarrel. Subsequently, Fang Baojun requires static to surrender their bank cards and passwords, Liang Jingyi did so, all bank cards are the same password.

But Fang Baojun has not stopped, he drove to yaobei road, jiuting on a path near the home, forced into the back seat, covered her mouth and nose of the static, grabbed her by the neck. Confirm static after the loss of breathing, with duct tape over her mouth, tied her hands with a rope, then stuffed into the trunk. Here, just a 7-minute drive from static home.

Songjiang district jiuting, is emerging residential area grew up in the suburbs of Shanghai in recent years. 8:30, static not on time as usual for pregnant 3 months back home in jiuting, nor calls, father-in-law and mother-in-law began dialing her cell phone again and again, prompting the shutdown.

At 11 o'clock at night, and because of the heavy snow, Liang take the high-speed train was delayed for a long time. The car, he got a call from parents, said that static doesn't. Chen Liang, end of the year, gathering between friends is normal, maybe static mobile phones out of power. He tells parents not to worry, wait till he comes home.

Chen Liang to static information without echo

Chen Liang's home, while static has not come back. On February 1, when the 43 minutes, Chen Liang's phone lit up, failed to receive credit card cash withdrawal made by the Guangdong Development Bank reminder messages. When the 44 points and receive a reminder message for failed ping an bank card to withdraw. In the next 1 hour, Liang received 10 consecutive Bank to get SMS alerts.

Liang received 10 consecutive Bank of SMS alerts

Three police

After receiving reminder SMS for two bank card to withdraw now, Liang immediately telephone alarm, said his pregnant wife lost, successive drawn upon credit card failed. Two residential buildings in Shanghai shake from

Police officers told him that lost is an adult, not 24 hours, it is recommended to look at the last place, or go to the local police station, domicile police.

Static lost in Xinzhuang before Dragon's dream car, Liang Xin song police station, call the local query. Because he has not made a report to the police station, unable to identify authenticity of information and take notes, police station has not yet been accepted, suggested that he kept police.

February 1 at 1 o'clock in the morning, Chen Liang and his parents drove to Xinzhuang longemont looking for static, to no avail.

3:40 A.M., after Chen Liang back to nine pavilions, call the credit card 24-hour customer service hotline, and was informed that cash ATM machine terminal number, found in the new pine road, yindu road three specific locations.

February 1 at 9 o'clock in the morning, Liang went to live belongs jiuting station alarm, events described again. Police advised him to go to the bank card was fraudulent Shimbashi station reported.

Claiming to be close to the edge of Chen Liang had to drive to Shimbashi station. In this regard, the Songjiang police explained: "jiuting station was not accepted, but taking into account the credit card quilt cover locations in the bridge area, go straight to the Shimbashi station alarm quickly coordinating area resources and obtaining monitoring. "

Liang couldn't understand what happened, of Shimbashi station jiuting station police but let him return.

"The saying goes, we don't even know where the alarm. "Liang is difficult to understand. In this regard, the Songjiang police later explained: "at that time, the party feeling more anxious, briefings are not clear, there have been misunderstandings in the communication. "

Until February 1, 11:30, Chen Liang, at last, the ATM machine cash monitoring, a strange man with a mask, dressed in a thick coat, head wrapped in a change of clothes. "This is definitely not my wife. "

Police decided to file for investigation, and remit the case to the Public Security Bureau criminal investigation detachment Songjiang.

Cash and fled back to Henan hometown

Coma after static into the trunk, Fang Baojun brand display empty from time to time on the double down, manufacturing still in the business of illusion. Until to Tong Po, he stopped, and pop the trunk, intended to "body", only to find that the static and breathing. On second thought, Fang Baojun Tong Po in the static pushed down the snowy night. After the forensic identification, static died of drowning.

After static push down the River, with stolen bank cards Fang Baojun, began to withdraw.

He drove back to dongjing group is located in Songjiang district, renting a room, put on a mask, put on his coat, took other people's clothes dress up. He has changed the 4 taxi to find ATM machines.

Fang Baojun speculation that credit card withdrawal limit is, 5000, 3000, and finally he took 2000 Yuan in cash from a credit card. He did not know, this card on the static body, but the binding is Chen Liang's cell phone.

Late-night return to rental housing, Fang Baojun overnight driving a taxi to escape back to Henan. He found his friend, using credit cards at POS machines will cash in 10,000 yuan of static, give the other 4000 Yuan as rewards.

The morning of February 2, Songjiang, Shanghai police huaibin County, Henan, in cooperation with local police, will be captured. Upon request, Fang Baojun carrying a hundred thousand of gambling debts, have involved gambling administrative detainees.

Who fired the certificate 

"Minhang grand taxi is a regular taxi, my wife died in the hands of regular taxi driver, how can I accept? "This is the heart of Chen Liang and always wondered.

According to Minhang dahua taxi company manager Liu, Fang Baojun April 2013 entry, consistently good performance in nearly 3 years, never owed money, nor have any complaint about passengers, usually together with other drivers to join a troop taxis to operate in shifts. 

Liu said, after the company lost contact with Fang Baojun. "Suburban taxi company does not require our taxi and no GPS system. "Until the police came to investigate, the company knew Fang Baojun was arrested for robbery and murder. "He looks also pretty part, usually nothing more. "

However, Liu said that in 2013, Minhang majestic Canal, to submit applications for the recruitment of 80 non-Shanghai-born driver. Fang Baojun is in this batch of recruits in the recruiting companies and uniform training.

In recent years, many taxi companies in Shanghai there is a driver shortage, more and more urban people are reluctant to engage in this tough industry, Shanghai started from other provinces looking for taxi drivers.

In front of the posts, all taxi drivers need to get a taxi driver's card services, and required to obtain the services card, you need to provide domicile police substation within 5 years and no criminal record certificate issued by. This statement also got the support of Canal staff in Shanghai.

Manager Liu, Fang Baojun provide proof of these materials has been prepared. 

And wonders about is, Fang Baojun in 2011 for gambling-related administrative detainees. He could service card qualification is still in doubt.

Vivo X6 fashion show

As Chinese mobile phone manufacturers in neighbouring district 11 no more can make a concert technology, because of all the operators on behalf of new machines. Just in recent Japan market leader NTT Docomo opened 2015-2016 new product release in winter and spring, said island flower, jiatengying Xun, President of see what products.

(Responsible for the introduction of new jiatengying President of lavender)

Sony Vera Bradley iPhone 6 cases

4K video out, don't want to know that Sony Z5 twin brothers, after all, there is no second producers launched the 4K mobile devices. And international Edition is not only the operators installed App and type to SO-01H (Z5), SO-02H (Z5 Compact), SO-03H (Z5 Premium).

Look closely at the official website for out parameters, perhaps because NTT Docomo build TD experimental network, Z5, the three brothers were to support the TD-LTE and 2.6GHz also use this frequency range China, Japan the Z5 series can support domestic mobile 4G?

Sharp

Launched their flagship model in addition to the usual sharp Aquos from Zeta SH-01H, even learning Dafa--Aquos Compact SH-02H Compact version, exactly the same, and the screen is not as narrow as Dafa to 720P resolution, but maintained at 1080P. Aquos Compact also supports personalization on the back, it is estimated that stickers are achieved ...

If you like a customized version, there are Disney Mobile launched modelled on an Aquos Compact DM-01H, object-oriented paper and Disney fans.

Fujitsu

Machines are introduced and the Android before machines are not very different, that designs, the different, and added three of 11 people. Fujitsu arrows NX F-02H finally gave some black tech-support for IRIS certification, other than those outside Microsoft Lumia 950/950XL, should be left in this machine, the world's first Android machines deserve to support iris recognition technology.

With the arrows end models Fit in with F-01H, configuration lacks bright spots, is to give the appearance of the party.

Samsung

Samsung Japan machinery placed on the market, other than their flagship, this is very "special" machines. Galaxy Active Neo SC-01H, feature is the total of three machines, shatter-resistant waterproof, dustproof, reached a Mi Di MIL-STD-810G mil-spec, this is the Nokia learning? Deliberately fell twice to launch ...

Other

Other products also have a Tablet called d tab d-01H, equipped with a 4 x Harman/Kardon speakers, and Japan people's brain circuits are not normal, scene shows a handwritten translation App for the purpose.

Even now is the age of smart phones, NTT Docomo is also introduced the Panasonic phones P-01H, clamshell shape and waterproof features, users can always meet some special hobby.

Yes, you read that right, LG OEM Nexus 5X has launched, the only question is has 5 x, its big brother Nexus 6P why not for sale yet?

Summary

NTT Docomo who Japan market leader in each of the models are more than SoftBank,au, select more. Many models will carry some more or less "magical" new features, fully meet the needs of all types of users: for example, small-screen flagship Z5 Aquos Compact and Compact; biometrics F-02H,SH-01H and Z5 series; even flip phones are provided. Because of Japan's new rules, new machines can be official unlock, bring it back home is OK, a word of caution is that NTT Docomo on the Android machine custom UI ugly to heinous. Vera Bradley phone case

By the way, NTT Docomo d point and nothing Beats home, these two icons ...

Tips

Micro sweep sweep, author tips bar ~

265 votes

Xperia Z5 Premiun

Sony Z5 Premium in the IFA said in November, when published on the global market. Today, cat appeared in the Sony flagship store in the mall a Sony Z5 Premium line version, named Sony Z5 Prestige Edition. This phone is still in the pre, officially went on sale on November 1. On the Cat page, this Sony Z5 exclusive version for 5700, sales price 5699.

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White collar workers returning home for Spring Festival busy buying third tier

Trading volume in the first-tier cities during the Spring Festival are not high, most homebuyers choose to return home home buyers. Oriental IC data

According to China index Academy figures, 2016 during the Spring Festival (February 7-February 13) monitored in 15 major cities across the country, total amount of newly-built commercial housing sold last year rose 6.9% during the Spring Festival, including 8 cities rose, and the increase is obvious, 7 cities fell, Fuzhou and Hefei, the biggest decline.

Data show that is not high trading volume in the first-tier cities during the Spring Festival, most homebuyers choose to return home home buyers. In Shanghai, for example, trading volume during the Spring Festival to their lowest level in nearly four years.

Shanghai chain market research monitoring data show that during the Spring Festival (2.7-2.13) the city's commodity supply of residential zero; volume of 3,300 square meters, representing a 14.36% drop in last year's Spring Festival; prices 28594 Yuan/sq m, higher than last Spring Festival 6.28%.

Sales agents in Shanghai, said some property for a Cover Plate in good situations, internal adjustment.

Shanghai centaline property research and consulting Senior Manager, Carol Gong believes that insufficient supply is the objective factors, subjective factors as the Shanghai market traded strong housing prices chasing the mentality. Second, in 2016, during the Spring Festival, Shanghai's population decreased, insufficient popularity also led to deals cool. Data shows that 11 million people in Shanghai during the spring of 2016, up 8.23% from a year earlier.

Insiders said that during the Spring Festival, overall buying sentiment in returning home is not low.

Released report an account of the middle finger back to the China index Research Institute showed that during the Spring Festival, some housing groups choose to return home.

A case study of Hefei, lunar new year before developers chasing a reduction in plate, but under the influence of future prices rise expected, buyers purchase willingness, coupled with the shock of returning home crowd, hot market demand. In early 2016, prologue in the property market has just opened in Hefei, multiple areas appeared "House stealing spree", January home prices for the first time in Hefei "broken", 9008 Yuan/square meter. After the Spring Festival holiday, real estate companies will increase the amount of plate, or rationalized.

In addition, chifeng, Inner Mongolia, a Prairie town in more than 10 years, housing prices rose several times. It is understood that before 2003, home prices in chifeng at around 1500 Yuan/square meter, from 2003 to 2008 there has been a wave of rising, but not much, by 2008 the prices to chifeng 3000 Yuan/square meter, at that time, we think prices are high. Now, chifeng's price has reached 5000 Yuan/square meter.

Snow said of the China index Academy, sister in Shanghai rents for five years, 2015 transferred to Changchun, bought first homes a few months later, she compared prices in Shanghai and current levels of wages, prices cheaper in Changchun, purchase stress free. Some graduate students after graduation, also chose to settle in Changchun. As part of the 2014 just graduated people, their is not much savings, but to marry and have children age, the House has become an urgent need for them, so the majority of parents are helping pay the down payment.

From Taiyuan, Shanxi, statistics, commercial housing prices also rose steadily. In 2015, the commercial area in Taiyuan compared growth rates go down to increase (in 2014 fell 1%), an increase of 6.9%, but still significantly lower than in 2012, 2013 Super 30% per cent growth.

Taiyuan evergrande sales surge, officers said, they didn't for the Spring Festival holiday, still for sale.

"Two or three cities overall prices have not low, for people with some extra money to invest in stocks may have been waiting for the bottom, so configuration property has some value. "E-house research director Yan Yuejin, a think-tank says. A share retail melting heart 96 hours stock market

Wuhan as an example, Anju Sir network shows long residential reference price is 6200 Jing Xuan Yuan/square meter, the reporter calls its salespeople, the officers said, the current average price for 6500 Yuan/square meter.

The other hand, some local cities are also committed to relax its real estate policies.

A case study of Gansu, Gansu Provincial Department of construction held in 2016, points out that housing and urban-rural construction Working Conference, part of Gansu province, State inventory problem will guide developers due falling prices.

Shanxi, in the recently held the housing and urban-rural construction and clean government work Conference pointed out that seven policies to commercial housing inventory will be taken, including expanding housing needs of groups, accelerate the process of peasants engineering citizens, ensure that the newly settled inhabitants enjoy the same education, employment and other basic public services for the protection of migrant housing. And develop the housing subsidy policy, encouraged the town to go to school, get married, pensions of migrant workers in the city, the County home buyers, promotion of migrant workers and other persons in employment to buy commodity houses.

Yan Yuejin said that overall, the 2015 larger prices, particular restriction of cities, such as Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, while many urban property market trading is not active during the Spring Festival, but is expected to continue after the Spring Festival is active.

And in terms of housing transactions, many intermediaries until about six started work earlier in the year. Ruey Yang real estate agents say, "buy a House early decision, now the landlord's price or keep it year ago levels, after a lantern said bad, there will be a wave of rising. "

Return of the native the Price marriage why Chinese villages take a wife costs

"Editor's note"

For agriculture, the researchers note in their hometowns in this paper series, author Zhang Xuelin is Hust, Chinese rural governance research center, PhD, discusses the current day price marriage, high bride prices formation and change of rural family.

One

High bride prices, change of family structure and family ethics, farmers market participation of the class differentiation and competitive anxiety of the unconscious adaptation, is the underlying social competition strategies. This picture from the network

My home is in bozhou, Anhui Province, Spring Festival went home on the train, sitting across a family of three, Anhui Fuyang Wo men, couples, 46, son is 22 years old, graduate from high school, daughter high at home. The couple have more than 10 years working in Yichang, Hubei Province, rent a façade being in the food business, selling fried dough sticks, sesame cakes and buns. Bozhou and Fuyang are in close proximity, distance 1 hour train, local culture is the same. Happened to me twice with the team in the village doing social research in Yichang, April 2013 respectively in the dianjun district of Yichang, December 2015 in Zigui County, Yichang city, it can be said the Yichang local family socio-cultural as well as familiar. So, just like fellow struck up a conversation and talk them out of life.

Cui aunt couple in Yichang, owners of small businesses for more than 10 years, not admitted to University high school, son, go to Yichang to help her parents, daughter of a person reading high school in my hometown. Several acres of land to the village the villagers, 450 Yuan/MU, only the Festival back home, and even some Chinese new year never to come back, just for more money. In front of the price increases, 2007 Trey aunt couples based on more than 1000 Yuan/square meter price, in Yichang city, bought a 60 square meters of commercial housing. Son who's 22 years old, reached the age of marriage, in Yichang on a local girl before, but because parents disagree, they broke up. Dating the son coming home for the Spring Festival this year, the daughter-in-law in a view is to find a home more reliable, at least family values and habits are the same. They feel local cultural conflicts in Yichang, which is root causes of Yichang, son and girlfriend split up.

Specifically, Cui aunt said her son's ex-girlfriend was unacceptable by most two points: first, living concept, Yichang was too much food and drink, very high standards for life. For CUI aunt is located in Anhui Province: "we live to eat and drink as long as decent lines, sometimes busy and has to eat, earn money accumulated were thrift, better left to the son. But for people in Yichang, the frugal life is unbearable, making money without spending fools, we eat or drink Word. "Second, the birth concept, whether it is a boy or a girl, having one is enough, do not want to have two kids, too many parents do not want to worry about their children, pay more attention to their enjoyment of life.    Cui aunt, this is unacceptable because he is sure to have a son in the hometown of the parents life purpose is for his son to marry the daughter-in-law of grandchildren, usually not willing to not willing to eat and drink, is married to the son saved his money.

Now go home to his son married, according to the home rule, and Fuyang, bozhou and my hometown is located in Anhui Province, now the market price continues to rise, now married and in addition to the need to build a building for his son, but also paid 660,000 high bride prices. Cui aunts said they mostly built a two-story building in the village, there are also built three-story, three-layer simply not finished, there is no need, but are built. Son returning home for Spring Festival this year ready to dating, to raise her son in the marriage market, capital, she was thinking what do you want in a new building in the village, the home of the buildings was built 10 years ago. But doing business more than 10 years to make money, in his home town had bought 2 front rooms, Yichang city, also have a 60 square meters of houses. Cui aunt home new building now belongs to the pure nature of consumption, little and spend a lot of money, not to build, such as dating the son to look after the woman has what requirements.

Two

Chinese new year back home, whether Township neighbors stopping by to chat, relatives still maintain family gossip chat up the dower is married to scary stories. Two or three years ago, my cousin and my cousin marriage dowry of 100,000 to 120,000, this year's market has been generally rising to 150,000 to 160,000. And more recently home to Word of mouth is the story of a bride price to 200,000, the home of parents are feeling enormous pressure, under everyone couldn't help but sigh, "is amazing, that I get." Zhuang Xiang were all aware, there was a man asking for 200,000 head, slowly they all follow the object and eventually become a common market. Especially home have 2 sons and 3 sons, parents are anxious not to die. Households in our village, had 2 sons, the eldest son was 22 years old, little son is 18 years old, the eldest son has been dating several, have ended in failure. Township of discussing in the village are nieyibahan for learning, older son dating does not succeed, it is possible to play alone, youngest son was old enough to marry.

Son because in my hometown, once at the age of 21 the marriage has not been decided, parents began very anxious, because to 54 were more difficult to find, are likely to be phased out in the marriage market. Dating to the new situation this year is that the girl heard the House had 2 sons, not to mention the 3 sons, didn't even see sight. Girl dating dating standards from the past brothers now many families are now changed to an only child, wealthy, young parents are still alive, because if it is an only child and the parents are young and alive, and parents can work, earn money to an only child, can also help with the kids. When villagers cannot understand: "heard of two sons, didn't even see no see, this is what makes sense. Your vision, what's required, it even wants to see I. "That also have a very big impact on fertility of the villagers, and villagers seeking blessings for children in the past, brothers, family, no one dares bully and now really become" born two sons cry. " States let go of the child policy, but first gave birth to a son, while still wants to give birth to a daughter, but Leng did not dare, afraid of another son, then only cry.

The parents in my hometown just like Aunt Choi on the train, working hard to earn money, not willing to eat won't drink not willing to wear, just for the accumulation of the family wealth maximization and resources passed down between generations. Since my son was born at the moment, parents began to worry about his son, married to prepare for the future, because his son to marry a wife hit singles, parents not only ashamed of his life, graves was accused behind the Township around the neighborhood would parents incompetent. And if the parents eat drink, save money, and village public opinion would not accuse my parents are mixed, there was no money, and no one wants to give his son describes the object.

Yichang, Zigui, local culture and this is completely different, compared with parents worried about too little for his son, parent's main task in life is up to his son, sons marry marry is his own thing, parents have the capacity and taking their own lives under only auxiliary help marry. After married, parents are unlikely to help grandchildren, generation to generation, with grandson son is his own thing. Because resources are not passed down between generations of pressure, people focus on the accumulation of the family wealth, earning too much and spend too much, make less spend less, how much how much they make. To my surprise, was to investigate a village family was no more than half of the deposits of more than 50,000, and many families lived in the House.

In Zigui research, a 30-something young men in Beijing clothing factory mechanic, 2015 annual income of 96,000 yuan, which is quite high, even higher than many college graduates, but get rid of only 10,000 yuan left. There is a more than 70-year old woman and had a son more than 40 years old, single, but it did not affect her enjoyment of life. Farm raised three pigs at home, sell side, killed two pigs that year, when asked whether killing two pigs to eat too much, she says in surprise: "three people killed two pigs, still less a, how much. "In addition, every pound to drink liquor, only smoked one cigarette a month, every meal and meat," want fat with fat, like thin thin. " If this in my hometown, we definitely can't understand, to think that the parents were not in life. Comparison between Yichang Zigui parents easy comfortable stress-free life, the enjoyment of life, high standard of living and Northern Anhui parents not only stressful, life is quite simple because of the extensive. But on the other hand, accumulation of Zigui has formed the widespread poverty in rural areas and a large number of singles, the author surveys a natural village of less than 200 people, bachelors is as high as 22 people over the age of 30. Anhui village singles are generally less, parents pressure even married and in debt for her son, but offspring because married has the first bucket of gold, the hope and opportunity have upward social mobility.

Three

Yan Yunxiang made the brothers through marriage because competition between demanding high bride prices to achieve the early transfer of family property, separation is a form of last. But I've been puzzling is, why in my home even if a son is also asking for the high cost of advertising, this social face is just not enough to explain. Especially now to daughter dating a further request, his two sons were unwilling to give the chance to meet a blind date, bride price continued rising.

With free and open markets and farmers ' markets to participate in national labour markets and national marriage market develops, and national stratification has occurred. Facing competitive pressure stratification and social status and anxiety, for women, the changing nature of marriage, marriage by the objective to become now means, the means to achieve upward social mobility and class competition. So now even if it's only child, women still need to ask for buildings and high bride prices, is no longer competition between brothers and the family property, but should not be lost on the starting line. There is a person in a dowry of 200,000, will follow suit and follow up, because of the high bride prices does not give the woman's parents claimed, but rather belongs to the woman's family, the first bucket of gold you can put it in the Bank. Peers are so much, if you don't, you will fall behind in the competition game, step up, step by step, can't keep up. Dowry continues to follow up, at least to ensure that young people in the same starting line.

National formation and structural imbalances in the sex ratio in the marriage market, rural women resources flow out in the Midwest, would further drive up the cost of marriage. Marrying foreign wives are easy to run the marriage or divorce, marry a wife's costs are too high, his wife once ran, find son remarries, then the family is hard to turn, so he intensified the competition for local women in the marriage market, more and more women in the marriage market charged higher. Now after thousands of years of history in rural areas has never been rich, but at the same time also constitutes China's huge underclass in rural areas in the Midwest. In class differentiation and the increasingly competitive situation, rural farmers in the Midwest in terms of human capital, social capital and cultural capital triple under the constraints of limited farmers ' class division of the competition pressure on market participation, only through marriage to the hard to realize the transfer of stress within the family. High bride prices, change of family structure and family ethics, farmers market participation of the class differentiation and competitive anxiety of the unconscious adaptation, is the underlying social competition strategies. Farmers living in the village, no class consciousness in the mind, but do not know the concept of class, but they feel in the society face to face interaction is impressed by competitive pressures.

Village of liangzi and swallows are full brothers, Liang Zi's boss, family economic conditions are good, not only in bozhou city, bought a House, built buildings in 2015 and at home. And swallows work in Beijing, somewhat weaker domestic economic conditions, and has two sons, the family now only deposits of more than 300,000, and haven't been able to buy a house in the city. He didn't want to go home for the new year Festival this year, feel poorer, no ability to buy a house in the city, will be looked down upon. Her daughter-in-law repeated persuasion, home for the new year. Always cheerful humorous swallow, seen in previous years I have always "College" to "University student", seeing him again this year are always unhappy, hold a current of air. Between close brothers in a village, filled with heavy emotion and responsibility jointly and severally liable, but the market today is also involved in the growing stratification pressure pulled apart by the fierce competition. Just like the swallows didn't buy a house in the city like a brother, heavy makes his escape from the Spring Festival, as the Spring Festival is a rural society and a large gathering of family and friends, but also a variety of rituals of consumption and daily consumption of concentrated performance. People's life is getting better, but life has become increasingly difficult, especially in villages in the lower family stress is enormous, the heart is torn, social relationships are fragile and sensitive.

Four Zhang Taiyan s how fragmented the Qing restoration

Understand the present situation of China's social structure and we will not be able to stand on the moral high ground, one-to critique rural decline, or moral decay, filial piety declining and the morality of marriage and family crises. Under the trend of industrialization and urbanization, the hollowing out of the country and "decline" is inevitable, and we can't expect rural construction than the city or the United States, there is no necessary, farmers without consciously realizing relay cities. With thin capital, farmers have the advantage of land and labour. In the national after the formation of a free labour market, apart from a few farmers ' market in the Division of labour with special resources advantage, most of the differentiation of peasants ' income mainly relied on household labour force availability and effective configuration. Which is why now girl spouse's new direction was an only child and parents of young healthy sons married to form a new family of three generations, parents not only migrant money can also be earned at home with the kids. Through family depth within the Organization to mobilize to achieve the optimal allocation of labour, which has more than farm income and labor income of migrant workers, will be able to maximize family income, can be realized by simultaneously saving families maximize the accumulation, as parents say it's not about grandchildren.

In the village so you can clearly feel the pressure of competition to all of life, seems very bitter inside, parents are stupid, but you also feel the vitality of the community and the hope of social mobility, it is because there is hope of social mobility, parents yaomou foot strength, burn, light up the future generations. The world exists, China seems to be the only generation to raise, only child Chinese parents will help their children.

Through compared truth on will is obviously, we village of swallows family deposits has more than 300,000 has, put in Zigui of village was on can said is richest man has, but he think himself also buy not up town of House, and brother than himself is poor, even Festival are didn't want to back, you can feel to inside accumulated of huge energy, psychological energy on will in next of industrious housekeeping in the release. Zigui acquaintance there are strong in rural areas compared to differentiation, stratification of the market participation has not translated into social competition between the villagers, village community has maintained its traditional natural economic and social ecology. Parents didn't like me back home was worried about his son, married major is a son of his own, raising is the son of the Sun's, that is descendants reproduction only by descendants of the family itself.

Thus, and the formation of most rural areas of the country "based on the Division of intergenerational patterns of half working, half farming family" different, local is commonly formed with spouses half working, half farming based on the Division of the family model, wife at home farm, with children, husbands go out to work. Compared to the generational Division under the new three-generation family organization, the core family of Zigui organized society is a lack of competitiveness.

In national labour markets and national market after the formation of Zigui and belong to two modes of reproduction of the family in my hometown, Zigui County can claim to be an individual model, whether it is the conclusion of marriage or keep the marriage, relying on individuals ' own efforts. My hometown can be described as a model of the family, whether it is the conclusion of marriage or keep the marriage, relying on intergenerational co-operation to complete. Apparently new generation family of efficiency and social competitiveness of higher than the individual mode, passed down through generations resources to achieve. In traditional relative closed of place marriages circle, individual mode also can achieved family of reproduction, but national marriage market of formed and class differentiation competition of times, individual mode Xia of family reproduction competition but family mode, on faced with family reproduction of dilemma, highlight of performance is Zigui rural family incomplete who of high proportion, that marriage concluded difficult of singles number many, and knot has married Hou daughter-in-law divorce or run married of many.

Five

Contemporary rural society is going through thousands of years of change are not empty words, observation of changes not only in the countryside in the literati style of sad, more need to be rational and objective analysis, constructive comments are most deep love for 900 million farmers. At the bottom thin farmers in society because they have the capital, faced with surging consumption stratification, they are by changes in family structure and family ethics to adapt, lurking in the seemingly deteriorating rural community social mobility and vitality and hope. Meanwhile, who really feel very very tired, wealth increase faster and catch up with consumer promotion, "spend too much now" become psychological inhibitions. Orientation of national policies should no longer be stimulating consumption and stimulate domestic demand, but to guide farmers ' wealth of experience into a family of development capabilities, invest in education and human capital improvement, is fundamental to achieving social mobility in the era of new technology.