"Editor's note" on November 10, 1965, Yao wenyuan, Shanghai, the Wen Wei Po published the comments on the new historical "Hai Rui dismissed from Office", open the "cultural revolution" began.
Ma Yixin, Yao Quanxing and Lin Bingyi – they are a middle school student, a college student, a high school teacher, Yao wenyuan granted, decisively refute, and "jam" to send draft to the Wen Wei Po, and the Guangming daily, suffered repeated persecution and blow. In all versions of the narrative of the history of the cultural revolution, the three "little people" stories are "woven".
First time in half a century, Fudan University oral Research Center Institute of Shanghai Academy of social sciences and History Center oral history interview Ma Yixin, Yao Quanxing and Lin Bingyi three parties, return to the historical site. This is Yao XING's dictation, Yao as a researcher at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Institute of philosophy.
Stamp day "free": three small figures against Yao wenyuan, Shanghai of the comments on the new historical ﹤ Hai Rui dismissed from Office ﹥ encounter (part two)
I comment on Yao wenyuan published on December 15, 1965 on the Guangming daily.
History Department of East China Normal University when I was in the third grade students, but not regular students, is the history of correspondence. Read the correspondence working class A and read the non-working class b two, I'm in class b. Students are high school graduates, they participate in college entrance examination in the past, family composition and other issues are not accepted.
My situation is rather special, came from a family of working people. My mother and father are poor peasants in the countryside of Jiangyin in Jiangsu Province, and later father to do pig slaughterhouse workers in Shanghai, mother to the Shanghai cotton mill when textile workers. They have no culture, and I take the road to long-term learning. I remember when I was in Shanghai shibei junior high school reading, they borrowed a lot of books in the school library, such as the Analects, the Pushkin's poems, the philosophical basis of Pavlov, Physiology, etc.
When I graduated from junior high school 1959 year cannot study or employment because of illness, is recuperating at home and taught himself, no money to buy books, often go to the book store to see impact statement. Well done after a substitute teacher and part-time with meager wage can buy books, read until midnight. Mother nag said wasted light, to a nearby vegetable market I see shop lights. Once reading late in the summer, go home and shut, I don't want to call her mother to open the door, because she likes to sleep, afraid of her door and sleep not sleep again, I returned to the market sell fish on a slab of sleep through the night.
1963 my equivalency degree College, East China Normal University Department of history of correspondence. Teacher we are able to meet college admission scores, due to various reasons accepted for correspondence students, after graduation is no problem. We are actually carrying a bag to school "day students", lessons in Yanan Road of China market Beijing Road and St Peter's Church and other places.
General student and I different, read out during work, work part time. Also, read the history, study aesthetics, psychology, logic, and practice literature and write a scenario such as the King of Chen Yucheng. Is because I like writing articles, 1965 read at three o'clock ran the "peril".
(A)
On November 10 of that year, Shanghai Yao wenyuan published in Wen Wei Po article comment on Hai Rui dismissed from Office ', I think Yao wenyuan was starting from the class struggle at a glance lashed historian Wu Han, rather academic discussion. But the newspaper said is "hundred family, different schools", "equality before the truth." Teachers in practice as well as the students in the school at that time in the dark, but unexpectedly high level planning and throwing Yao wenyuan article is the "cultural revolution" began.
Wang Jiafan the teach our history teacher said to us: Wu Han may not be wrong, Yao wenyuan may not be right, if you are interested, you may want to write articles to express his views. I write articles and Miss Wang that inspired about, mainly because I'm outraged and pedantic. I think Yao wenyuan too overbearing, too unreasonable, and academic problems on the line level, his words in my mouth, and on the history of "clean" and the reality of class struggle to hang hooks, did not kill Wu Han?
With a Yao wenyuan were funny the habits of language, not just "how pernicious"? I think the right around the world, at this critical moment should be sound, from an academic point of view refuted fallacies of Yao wenyuan. I was without bolstering anything, very simple indeed, although reading history, aesthetics and hobbies, and think that between heaven and Earth the false, the evil and the ugly, there is truth, goodness and beauty, truth is in me, why should I be afraid, dared?
There is an important reason, is that I think he has the ability to write such articles. I had written in January 1965 by almost a million-word essay of Zhou gucheng aesthetic analysis on the research methods of the vote for the Guangming daily. The paper published, published a full page. Press greeting page nervous, difficult to publish, give me proof version. So I wrote the article is not difficult. I write comments on Yao in the Shanghai library reading room articles have prepared to write 10,000 words, results 3500 Word, think about it do not write.
Of course, I don't like Yao wenyuan wielding, but speak the truth. You review the history of Harry, how politicians are now linked together? Added what historically official even worse than the corrupt officials? This is not a metaphysical view of mechanical materialism? So I the title of the article is not from a metaphysical place of dialectics, subtitle is "comment on comments on a new historical drama entitled Hai Rui dismissed from Office".
I said at the beginning of the article: "read comrade Yao wenyuan's comments on a new historical drama entitled Hai Rui dismissed from Office after a paper, I feel that the author is in the article the flags are set in the stark, however came to the conclusion is basically wrong. This conflict analysis is completely understandable, because the author did not adhere to the dialectics of the split in the article, but with a kind of metaphysical point of view to understand the problem, deal with the problem. "
I pointedly Yao wenyuan "free things not necessarily linked together, the mechanical analogies. That scripts written in ' back field ', ' serving ', that is, to learn ' back field ', ' miscarriage '. Extension of this principle, I find it particularly needs to be clarified. If we follow the logic of this strange literary criticism, then wrote Li Zicheng's uprising show was to learn from the uprising? "
I at the end of the article and said, "I don't want to use comrade Yao wenyuan evaluation method of the Hai Rui dismissed from Office comment on comrade Yao wenyuan's article, I only wish to point out that this assessment method is not split in dialectics. Two dialectic is difficult to grasp, is particularly difficult to consistently adhered to. Comrade Yao wenyuan was replaced by the metaphysical dialectic, resulting in distinctive flag is basically wrong conclusions. It seems contradictory, but is a fact! "
This article is both a historical article, but also philosophy and aesthetics articles. Because metaphysics and dialectic is about philosophy, literary and artistic creation of historical truth and artistic truth is about aesthetics.
Rushed down the "free" when Yao Quanxing
(B)
After the article was posted for ten days, on December 16, I remember the snow, the Church where I had just came into the class, students said, "Yao Quanxing, the Guangming daily yesterday did you see? Your review of Yao wenyuan's article in the newspaper. "I was shocked, published so quickly? I'll go to the post office to buy a few. Look, boy, almost takes up half a page. This "blatant" and "negative" articles were few, and I is the first chapter in the Guangming daily, can be said to immediately articles of Yao wenyuan.
So my mind immediately "buzz" sound crosses quickly sinking feeling – stabbed Yao wenyuan offi cials of the hornet's nest, not rushed down a "curse"? It received! Maybe you'll have any trouble. I think, afraid of what, not to talk about his own opinion? Students read my articles there, some believe that well written, some say findings early. Wang Jiafan teacher or Yao Quanxing's article discussing it. This is the first article I have written, paid about 15 Yuan.
After a little time, Department of history, school and class leaders in St Peter's Church, opened a criticism and self assembly. The "cultural revolution" has not officially begun, so instead of political campaigns, or put my head down, or is more polite. Students in accordance with the Department's intentions, criticism of me on stage, said in Beijing, the newspaper published the article is by no means a small thing, I deeply understand his serious mistake, reforming world very well, stand to the revolutionary line, otherwise it is very dangerous. I can only speak on stage self errors, said that when he started writing this kind of article is spur of the moment, has not considered seriously the issue of class struggle, to learn in the future.
Where do I clearly understand what "truth" to speak of "equal" to speak of, there's "hundred flowers" and contending. " Soon enough I will be forced to explain their "political issues", racking up Smeared on his face. Then, "why did you write this article? "" Your question belongs to nature? "" What is your source? "What position you're standing on? "…… Asked is burning, menacing, like a cannon bombardment to me, call me too late to Dodge, it is difficult to Parry. I had gone from "academic discussion" cover, go to "the Snake from his nest" trap, it will become in the near future "revolution" have been sent to the other register.
The "cultural revolution" started, Ying Yilv teacher poster has posted in the Chinese system, Department of history, said he was inside a student named Yao correspondence students appreciate, praise him than some teachers have learned, also wrote, it's not blatant to the reactionary students, attacked the great proletarian cultural revolution yet? After graduating from the school for our easy job, opening Chinese classes, the teacher taught us an introduction to literature, he studied aesthetics and know I'm interested in aesthetics, and usually my speculation, thus exposing his posters in this post.
Because I am preparing correspondence outside, my family on, so I'm not violent impact in the beginning of the cultural revolution. But my heart has always been political movement tells me, that might later be pressurized to me. I this review article what Yao, speak clearly, and find out what.
In late 1966 when a student dachuanlian, my flight to Beijing's Guangming daily, said a receptionist surnamed Joe: your article is definitely wrong, Yao wenyuan of who you know, but thought the burden is too heavy, because you are a student. Article 16 (refers to the center of the decision concerning the great proletarian cultural revolution), students make a mistake is understanding the problem, if you know a good, positive transformation, returned to revolutionary line up, there is a way out. This is actually for my 12: correct treatment, rehabilitation, reborn.
1966 in Beijing "in-line" Yao Quanxing (left)
(C) Hometown of Yellow Emperor mausoleum and Memorial
When students were closed to rebel, I ran the peril, not eligible for revolution. I was the sister big brother, should share family difficulties, so I left the school in search of work, results October 1967 Street labor deployment site I was assigned to the third chemical fiber factory. This plant is toxic chemical raw materials and production of chemical fibers of carbon disulfide.
Entering the plant, smell the disgusting rotten egg smell, many older workers are poisoned, factory to find new workers to fill them. In order to live, I cannot fail to make the new workers. As the new recruit of young workers from the community, few people defiantly plant referred to us as "scum."
I do early night of three classes of packaged in the factory, do a full 12 years. Suffering is inevitable, but I'm not afraid of hardship, I fear is through the disaster, rebels did to me in the factory. Rebels quickly knew I wrote called the reactionary article. Not everyone has files? File is where you go, and where. They sent people to the Shanghai Library newspaper, look up my article up.
Rebels immediately posted a critique of my posters in the factory, brush that my slogan: "complete critical Yao Quanxing big poisonous weeds! "" Step on a foot, called Yao Quanxing ever not been rehabilitated! "And then denounced the Assembly convened. Just like you see on television, although I don't have a high hat, but with his head down and plead guilty. Let older workers go up criticizing me, saying if I-toting anti-socialist conspiracy going on to succeed, the working class will eat two times, these older workers were the second crop of crimes. I listened to laugh or cry, tremble, I really became a hideous, never find people to turn around? I just heard the shouting of slogans to break out, only to see the clenched fist arm going up and down. At the moment, I really want to say silently, wanted to cry but no tears ... ... On criticism of "leniency and delves" slogan of zhentianxiang, but I feel there's nothing wrong. Even though I was forced to write a review again and again, I still insist on their own views within. I know I was aiming at the Central cultural revolution leader Yao wenyuan, was certainly doomed.
From then on, I became a real "dregs of society", nor even the newspapers in the team's qualification. Soon, the factory took "clear (clean class teams)" movement, ordered me into the "clear class" put me in "cattle (ghostly) shed" and told me how truth is entering into the working class.
I have several new literary talent and workers together, hear them sing, play the violin, then me and a person "King" with new spread of capitalist evil. The "King" had been tortured to extract confessions, and even "small" light in his eyes, he could not tolerate, hanged himself. Suicide was also humming the tunes of the night on the outskirts of Moscow, the shrill voices echoing in the night sky, chilling. Due to a life event, conducting courses only I put out.
Even so, I have free, dressed in a dirty and worn-out padded jacket, curled up in the back of the baler, secretly read, forget the pain in the book, get away from it all. Was later found by the head of the factory, saying that I "monstrous Audacity", in order to "fight fire with fire", in the mobilization work on behalf, ordered me to cut off the section of life. There smelling steam, gives off a burst of toxic stink, I went. Because a foot on me, I'm "just before" can't go without.
I was insulted by damage people, that endure day after day, year after year in the factory. However, just as the critical ", saddle, back, bad, right," often use that phrase, I "people, not dead", also in the pursuit of truth, goodness, beauty and truth. Still work after I married my books, write my words. Wife says I "blind man lighting a candle, a sieve." Wife I'm not hating, I regard it as my motivation. Whether it is a positive incentive, or negative incentives through, avoid the destruction of the spirit.
I am "hiding in the small building into a unified", swim in the sea of fun on horseback. But who knows the heart quietly drops of blood, dripping blood. Even today, often conjures up painful memories in front of me, still have a sense of horror. Especially in times of late at night, when the slaughter of the horrible scene, broke into the dream, I wake in a cold sweat, sigh ... ...
(D)
I finally made it through to the "cultural revolution" ended, but the "cultural revolution" Although the end solution does not eliminate, also left in some people's minds. In 1978, the new batch of workers from technical school in the plant, a "cultural revolution" is red in the factory cadres was still very popular, one female youth said, don't look at that last name is Yao's quiet and he's a bellyful, cannot close one 78 the cultural revolution, you have to be careful. It can be seen that in my 12 years in the factory by how big the crime.
Now it seems that I can get through it, because of the support of cultural knowledge, mental quality and affordability. I'm lurking inside heat and force, often saying "If winter comes, can spring be far behind? "I bite the silence in the iron House, believe in yourself" not die in silence, is the silence broke. "
In my article about "clean" opinion, was referring to April 28, 1966, the Ta Kung Pao on "clean" issues discussed in brief, with Tan Qixiang, Zhou gucheng and other pundits view side by side together, that Yao wenyuan, I resent the article, but still participate in discussions from a academic perspective. Write this "Introduction" author may think I'm a right old school, so me and some old men living side by side in the academia, but I was a more than 20-year old youth.
Units of proletarian dictatorship to me, probably because I ran the curse when a student, or it may be suppression of the counter-revolutionary gang members. If the "cultural revolution" went down, there was still the possibility of reform-through-labor, or oversight work in the factory, or exiled to remote areas transformed. So old I laotaibuxiao seen in the factory, pity, I had a girlfriend called to compete as a Turner, I dare not tell her tale of woe to her, because if she married me, families of the future could become a counter-revolutionary, compromised her life.
It gave me a "psychological problem". This "psychological problem" I wrote her a love letter (I still hold) breaks out from time to time, in a quandary, very painful, reflecting a young intellectual in terms of love and marriage in a specific social environment process of pathos. Said one expert on the cultural revolution after seeing this love letter has both historical and literary value, published if possible, it would be valuable information for research on married life during the cultural revolution.
I married Spring Festival in 1972, I was told only after marriage. Thanks to compete with pure and good, education level is not high, does not understand my serious trouble against Yao article, but do not understand I was involved in political danger in the Vortex, I feel I can be a good. Therefore, I cherish my marriage of the cultural revolution. On June 13, 2006, Shanghai TV station life channel young "spiritual Garden" broadcast my talk show and compete. On November 12 of that year, the Shanghai Xinmin evening news published a full-page my documentary prose, the "marriage of the cultural revolution," March.
The "cultural revolution" after August 18, 1978, I wrote to the Guangming daily, asked me the question what to do with it? The response of the Department of social work, August 22 said: "If this newspaper published a critique of Yao wenyuan fallacy articles have been disciplined and should be corrected. Study on letter has been transferred to relevant authorities. "The study results are my decision the General Assembly factory.
Later I asked to a high school history teacher, superior textile think I am a talent, to recommend to the Shanghai Institute of textile (later of Donghua University) as a teacher and soon know the Shanghai Academy of social sciences, recovery requires research expertise, and recommended me to the Institute for the history of the hospital. Posting to the chemical fiber company, the company refused to put, said that older workers in literacy classes, is sending me useless. Last posting for quite some time, I still went to the history.
By August 2002 from the Academy of social sciences, philosophy (1983 I transferred to the study of aesthetics) retired and decrepitude, also an academic and literary writing. In retrospect, filled with emotion. I think one must, should the Hai Rui dismissed from Office that year and discussion events on the official making the necessary introspection, deep, deep and clean up. (Recording: the Liu Chang)
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